Linux memory usage

#check total %

ps aux | awk ‘{sum +=$4}; END {print sum}’

#check total mem

ps aux | awk ‘{sum +=$5}; END {print sum}’

#sort

ps -auxf | sort -nr -k 4 | head -5

#free mem checking

free -t -m

#release cache

echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

Replace: Same as with sed, Replace OLD with NEW:

Vi: Search and Replace

Change to normal mode with .

Search (Wraped around at end of file):

  Search STRING forward :   / STRING.   Search STRING backward:   ? STRING.    Repeat search:   n   Repeat search in opposite direction:  N  (SHIFT-n) 

Replace: Same as with sed, Replace OLD with NEW:

   First occurrence on current line:      :s/OLD/NEW     Globally (all) on current line:        :s/OLD/NEW/g    Between two lines #,#:                 :#,#s/OLD/NEW/g     Every occurrence in file:              :%s/OLD/NEW/g 

Add extension udisk support

Manually Mount storage to host

#eMMC卡的major number跟minor number

# Write storage device path”/dev/block/vold/major:minor” in /lun?/file

echo /dev/block/vold/179:0 > /sys/devices/platform/fsl-usb2-udc/gadget/lun3/file

Manually unmount storage from host.
echo “” > /sys/devices/platform/fsl-usb2-udc/gadget/lun0

Automatic mount storage to host

#modify vold.fstab

http://markdingst.blogspot.com/2010_10_01_archive.html

Android: how to build original boot.img and system.img.ext4

#boot.img

\>mkbootimg --kernel --ramdisk --cmdline --output

e.g.

\>mkbootimg --kernel ./kernel --ramdisk ./ramdisk.img --cmdline "console=ttyHSL0,115200,n8 androidboot.hardware=qcom" --base 0x40200000 --pagesize 2048 --output boot.img

#system.img.ext4

\>mkuserimg.sh ./system.img.ext4 ext4 system 115343360

\>make_ext4fs -l 115343360 -a system ./system.img.ext4 ./target/product/XXX/system

How to repack these images

http://android-dls.com/wiki/index.php?title=HOWTO:_Unpack,_Edit,_and_Re-Pack_Boot_Images

修理 nm-applet 在 ubuntu 10.04 無法顯示

REF:http://chen7768.blogspot.com/2008/11/nm-applet-ubuntu-810.html

10.04也有用..
1. 修改 /etc/dbus-1/system.d/NetworkManager.conf 和 /etc/dbus-1/system.d/nm-applet.conf 將 deny，改allow

2. 重新啟動 dbus
sudo /etc/init.d/dbus restart

3. 停止 NetworkManager
sudo /etc/init.d/NetworkManager stop

4. 刪除 /etc/network/interfaces 或是更名(rename)
sudo rm /etc/network/interfaces

5. 重新啟動 NetworkManager
sudo /etc/init.d/NetworkManager start

6. 重新登入

在PC上轉換並燒錄Mac的DMG映像檔

在PC上燒錄Mac的DMG映像檔
文∕趙英傑

.dmg檔是Mac OS X專屬的磁碟映像檔名。這種檔案格式除了可完整記錄磁碟資料之外，在Mac OS X上雙按.dmg檔，該映像檔即可變成掛載的虛擬磁碟，非常好用。使用iDVD軟體製作DVD並轉存成映像檔時，也是儲存成.dmg格式。

如果您的Mac沒有Superdrive（像我的iBook G4或低階的MacBook），在燒錄較大的.dmg檔時，可能需要透過外接DVD燒錄器，或者經由區域網路把映像檔傳給現有的PC來燒錄。因為多數的Windows版燒錄軟體並不認識.dmg檔，所以需要把.dmg轉換成.iso或.bin等較為通用的映像檔格式才能燒錄。

轉換方式有很多種，底下列舉四種解決方案：

1. 使用Mac上最著名的Toast燒錄軟體開啟.dmg檔後，選擇File > Save As Bin/Cue指令，即可轉存成.bin檔。

2. 使用免費的ISOlator或dmg2iso工具進行轉檔。

3. 這是在macosxhints.com看到的，在bash shell底下執行dmg轉iso檔的指令。請在文字編輯器中輸入底下的指令：

#!/bin/bash echo "Converting "$1".dmg to "$1".iso:" hdiutil convert "$1".dmg -format UDTO -o "$1".iso mv "$1".iso.cdr "$1".iso

將此檔命名成smg2iso或任何您喜歡的名字並儲存，接著透過Terminal（終端機）視窗，執行chmod指令，賦予此檔執行的權限：

chmod +x dmg2iso

使用時，先在Terminal視窗中切換到dmg2iso檔的目錄，再執行底下的指令即可進行轉檔：

$ dmg2iso 映像檔名

映像檔名後面不需要加上.dmg副檔名，輸出檔將是加上.iso結尾的映像檔。

4. 最後，若要在PC上轉換或直接燒錄.dmg檔，可以採用支援.dmg檔的磁碟工具軟體，如：UltraISO和MagicISO。

http://swf.com.tw/?p=87

Android ramdisk.img壓縮與解壓縮

Android ramdisk.img壓縮與解壓縮

改名解壓gzip
mv ramdisk.img ramdisk.img.gz
gzip -d ramdisk.img.gz

建一個資料夾
mkdir ramdisk
cd ramdisk

解壓img
cpio -i -F ../ramdisk.img

把要改的東西改完後

產生要pack的目錄list,也可以自己列
cpio -i -t -F ../ramdisk.img > list

根據list去pack new.img
cpio -o -H newc -O new.img < list

壓縮
gzip new.img

REF:http://miox.cc/2009/02/android-ramdiskimg.html

setting-up-adbusb-drivers-for-android-devices-in-linux-ubuntu

http://esausilva.com/2010/05/13/setting-up-adbusb-drivers-for-android-devices-in-linux-ubuntu/

RGB565 To PNG/JPEG

\>ffmpeg -vcodec rawvideo -f rawvideo -pix_fmt rgb565 -s 1024x768 -i image.raw -f image2 -vcodec png image.png

# check support witch pix_fmt

\>ffmpeg -pix_fmt list

http://www.swview.org/blog/rgb565-pngjpeg

Android external busybox

http://lazyhack.net/compile-busybox-linked-bionic/

http://github.com/CyanogenMod/android_external_busybox

test

test

Viritualbox how to resize VDI image

It's easy to resize VDI by using gparted
1.Create a new vdi #sda being primary IDE and keep old vid #sdb being secondary IDE
2.Boot from ISO image and open xterm
3.\> dd if=/dev/sdb of=/dev/sda
4.Resize through gpared tool and reboot.

X11 Service

Ubuntu:
XServer:192.168.100.1 (KB, Mice)
\> export DISPLAY=192.168.100.3:0.0
XClient:192.168.100.3
#mark -nolisten tcp at /etc/X11/xinit/xserverrc
#DisallowTCP=false at /etc/gdm/gdm.schemas
\>xhost +192.168.100.1

又回來了....

BIOS -->Linux

convert fb's raw data to png

if you want to check your last display from fbdev,
you can "cat /dev/fb0 > fb0.raw" and review it by converting png file.

#!/usr/bin/perl -w

$w = shift || 240;
$h = shift || 320;
$pixels = $w * $h;

open OUT, "|pnmtopng" or die "Can't pipe pnmtopng: $!\n";

printf OUT "P6%d %d\n255\n", $w, $h;

while ((read STDIN, $raw, 2) and $pixels--) {
  $short = unpack('S', $raw);
  print OUT pack("C3",
     ($short & 0xf800) >> 8,
     ($short & 0x7e0) >> 3,
     ($short & 0x1f) << 3);
}

close OUT;

mkh264 with ES only

REF:Levi
mkh264.sh

#!/bin/bash
: ${1?"Usage: $0 <filename>"}
mkfifo stream.y4m
mplayer ${1} -nosound -benchmark -vf scale=720:-10,rotate=1 -vo yuv4mpeg:file=stream.y4m > LOG &
x264 -q 3 --bframes 0 --no-cabac -o `basename ${1}`.264 stream.y4m `awk '/VO/{print $3}' LOG`
rm -f stream.yuv stream.y4m LOG

List ASM code and C code together

"arm-linux-objdump -lSDx rylcd.ko > dump.txt" ,

kernel/module debugging

REF:Inside the Linux kernel debugger

Kernel Module .ko 的Makefile

REF:http://wshlab2.ee.kuas.edu.tw/personal/simon/archives/000735.html

目前小弟常用的兩種寫法，敬供參考。

KERNEL_VERSION  := `uname -r`
KERNEL_DIR := /lib/modules/$(KERNEL_VERSION)/build
#KERNEL_DIR      := $(KERNEL_SRC)
CROSS_COMPILE   := arm-linux-


PWD     := $(shell pwd)

obj-m       := snd-dummy.o
snd-dummy-objs      := dummy.o

all: snd-dummy

snd-dummy:
@echo "Building a dummy driver..."
@(make -C $(KERNEL_DIR) M=$(PWD) CROSS_COMPILE=$(CROSS_COMPILE) modules)

clean:
-rm -f *.o *.ko .*.cmd .*.flags *.mod.c Module.symvers modules.order tags
-rm -rf .tmp_versions

ifneq   ($(KERNELRELEASE),)
obj-m   := dummy.o

else
KERNEL_VERSION  := `uname -r`
KERNEL_DIR := /lib/modules/$(KERNEL_VERSION)/build
#KERNEL_DIR      := $(KERNEL_SRC)
PWD     := $(shell pwd)
default:
      $(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) SUBDIRS=$(PWD) modules

clean:
      rm -r .tmp_versions *.mod.c .*.cmd *.o *.ko

endif

抓當代已patched kernel source

apt-get source linux-source-2.6.22
註:apt-get source [按TAB可以查詢且補齊]